目录
出版前言 1
道格拉斯?c?诺斯序——经济学教材的革命 3
林毅夫中文第12版序——经济学的样貌与灵魂 5
张维迎中文第11版序——为什么没有免费的午餐 6
梁小民中文第11版序——像经济学家一样思考 8
prefabsp;前 言 10 1 the eibsp;ay of thinking 经济学的思维方式 3
reizing order 认识秩序 3
the importanbsp;of social cooperation 社会协作的重要性 4
ho does it happen? 这一切是怎么发生的？ 5
an apparatus of the mind—the skill of the eist 智力工具——经济学家的技能 6
cooperation through mutual adjustment 通过相互调整进行合作 9
rules of the game 游戏规则 10
property rights as rules of the game 产权作为游戏规则 11
the biases of eibsp;theory: a eakness or a strength?
经济学理论的偏倚：缺点还是优点？ 12
biases or clusions 偏倚还是结论？ 14
no theory means poor theory 没有理论就是糟糕的理论 15
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 16
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 17 2 effibsp;exge, and parative advantage 效率、交换与比较优势 21
goods and bads 好品和坏品 22
the myth of material ealth 物质财富的误区 23
trade creates ealth 贸易创造财富 24
is it orth it? effibsp;and values 值不值？效率与价值 25
reizing trade-offs: paring opportunity costs of produ
学会权衡：比较生产的机会成本 27
the gains from specialization and exge 从专业化和交换中获益 29
hy specialize? 为什么要专业化？ 30
from individual trade to iional trade, and babsp;again
从人际贸易到国际贸易，再到人际贸易 30
transa costs 交易成本 31
iives to redubsp;transa costs: middlemen 降低交易成本的激励：中间人 32
middlemen create information 中间人创造信息 33
markets as discovery processes 市场作为发现过程 34
an appendix: eibsp;groth: specialization, exge, and the rule of la
延伸阅读： 经济增长：专业化、交换和法治 35
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 38
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 40 3 substitutes everyhere: the cept of demand 无处不在的替代：需求的概念 45
on the notion of “needs” 关于“需要” 45
marginal values 边际价值 47
everyday choibsp;are marginal choibsp;日常选择就是边际选择 48
the demand curve 需求曲线 49
the la of demand 需求法则 51
demand and quantity demanded 需求和需求量 52
demand itself bsp;ge 需求自身也会变 53
everything depends on everything else 任何事物都依赖于其他事物 54
misperceptions caused by inflation 通货膨胀导致的错觉 57
time is on our side 时间站在我们这一边 58
pribsp;elasticity of demand 需求的价格弹性 58
thinking about elasticity 对弹性的思考 60
elasticity and total receipts 弹性与总收入 61
the myth of vertibsp;demand 垂直需求的误区 62
all scarbsp;goods must be rationed someho 所有稀缺品都必须以某种方式分配 63
is money all that matters? money costs, other costs, and eibsp;calculation
只有钱重要吗？货币成本、其他成本和经济计算 65
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 66
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 67 4 cost and choibsp;the cept of supply 成本和选择：供给的概念 75
refresher on opportunity costs 对机会成本的复习 75
costs are tied to as, not things 成本和行为而不是事物相关 76
hat do i do no? the irrelevanbsp;of “sunk costs”
我现在该干什么？“沉没成本”的无关性 77
producers’ costs as opportunity costs 生产者的成本作为机会成本 78
marginal opportunity costs 边际机会成本 80
costs and supply 成本和供给 81
the supply curve 供给曲线 83
supply itself bsp;ge 供给自身也会变 85
marginal and average costs 边际成本和平均成本 86
the cost of a volunteer military forbsp;志愿兵役制度的成本 87
pribsp;elasticity of supply 供给的价格弹性 90
cost as justification 用成本论证正当性 91
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 92
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 93 5 supply and demand: a process of coordination 供给与需求：协调的过程 99
the market is a process of plan coordination 市场是计划协调的过程 101
the basibsp;process 基本过程 102
petition, cooperation, and market clearing 竞争、合作与市场出清 104
ging market ditions 变动的市场条件 106
learning from free-market pribsp;理解自由市场价格 106
tral planning and the knoledge problem 中央计划和知识问题 108
an appendix: coordination problems: transa costs
延伸阅读：协调遇到的问题：交易成本 109
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 114
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 115 6 unintended sequences: more applications of supply and demand
无意的后果：供求规律的更多应用 119
catastrophe and fusion 自然灾害时供求的迷思 119
catastrophe and coordination 自然灾害时供求的协调 120
the urge to fix pribsp;限价的冲动 122
petition hen pribsp;are fixed 价格固定时的竞争 124
appropriate and inappropriate signals 恰当与不恰当的信号 125
looking for an apartment in the city? read the obituary!
想在城里找公寓吗？看讣告吧！ 126
strong booze, stronger drugs: criminal iives 烈酒、烈性毒品：犯罪的激励 128
skim milk, hole milk, and gangster milkmen 脱脂牛奶、全脂牛奶和“牛奶匪帮” 130
supports and surpluses 价格下限与生产过剩 130
supply, demand, and the minimum age 供给、需求和最低工资 132
slavery goes global, again 奴隶贸易再次全球化 134
do costs determine prices? 成本决定价格吗？ 135
the dropouts release their first bsp;“退出者”发行了他们的第一张唱片 136
“there’s gold in them thar hills!” so hat? “山里有金子！”那又怎么样？ 137
even butchers don’t have the guts 甚至连屠户都没这个胆子 137
hy does it cost so mubsp;to ge bedpans? 为什么医院里换个便盆都这么贵？ 138
an appendix: framing eibsp;questions correctly 延伸阅读：正确地表述经济问题 139
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 143
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 144 7 profit and loss 利润与亏损 153
age, rent, and i: ines established in advanbsp;by tract
工资、租金和利息：用合同事先确定的收入 153
profit: ine that bsp;be positive or ive 利润：可正可负的收入 154
calculating profit: hat should be included in costs? 计算利润：哪些应该计入成本？ 155
paring eibsp;profit and ating profit 比较经济利润和会计利润 156
uainty: a necessary dition for profit 不确定性：利润的必要条件 158
the entrepreneur 企业家 159
the entrepreneur as residual claimant 作为剩余索取者的企业家 160
not-for-profit institutions 非营利机构 161
entrepreneurship and the market process 企业家才能与市场过程 161
mere lubsp;仅仅是运气吗？ 163
profit and loss as coordinating signals: the role of moary calculation
利润与亏损作为协调的信号：货币计量的作用 164
beare of experts 小心专家 166
an appendix: profiteering in futures markets 延伸阅读：在期货市场上赚取利润 167
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 173
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 174 8 pribsp;searg 觅 价 183
the popular theory of pribsp;setting 定价的流行理论 183
introdug ed sike 艾德?赛克登场 184
the basibsp;rule for maximizing revenue 净收益最大化的基本法则 186
the cept of marginal revenue 边际收益的概念 186
hy marginal revenue is less than pribsp;为什么边际收益会低于价格？ 187
setting marginal revenue to equal marginal cost 让边际收益等于边际成本 188
hat about those empty seats? 那些空座位呢？ 189
the pribsp;discriminator’s dilemma 差别定价者的困境 189
the college as pribsp;searcher 学校作为觅价者 190
some strategies for pribsp;discrimination 一些差别定价策略 192
ed sike finds a ay 艾德?赛克找到了一个办法 192
rese and rationale 不满情绪与“合理化”辩解 194
lunbsp;and dinner pribsp;午餐价和晚餐价 194
cost-plus-markup residered 重新思考成本加成 196
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 196
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 197 9 petition and gover polibsp;竞争与政府政策 205
petition as a process 竞争作为一个过程 205
the pressures of petition 竞争的压力 207
trolling petition 控制竞争 208
restris on petition 对竞争的限制 210
petition for the key resource:
the $600,000 taxi lise 对核心资源的竞争：60万美元的出租车执照 211
petition and property rights 竞争和财产权 211
the ambivalenbsp;of gover policies 政府政策的矛盾性 212
selling belo cost 低于成本销售 212
hat is the appropriate cost? 什么是适当的成本？ 213
“predators” and petition “掠夺者”和竞争 215
regulating pribsp;价格管制 216
“antitrust” polibsp;“反托拉斯”政策 218
interpretations and applications 解释和应用 218
vertibsp;restraints: petitive or antipetitive 纵向限制：竞争或反竞争 220
the range of opinion 观点谱系 221
toard evaluation 对于竞争政策的评估 222
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 223
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 223 10 externalities and flig rights 外部性与冲突的权利 229
externalities, ive and positive 正外部性和负外部性 229
perfe is unattainable 十全十美无法达到 230
iation 协 商 231
redug externalities through adjudication 通过裁定减少外部性 233
the case of the plaining homeoner 抱怨的房主 233
the importanbsp;of prets 先例的重要性 234
the problem of radibsp;ge 剧烈变化带来的问题 235
redug externalities through legislation 通过立法减少外部性 236
minimizing costs 把成本降到最低 237
another approabsp;taxing emissions 另一种办法：征收排放税 238
lises to pollute? 污染许可证？ 240
effibsp;and fairness 效率和公平 240
the bubble cept 泡泡法 241
rights and the social problem of pollution 权利和污染带来的社会问题 243
traffibsp;gestion as an externality 交通拥堵作为一种外部性 243
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 245
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 245 11 markets and gover 市场与政府 255
private versus publibsp;私人还是公共？ 255
petition and individualism 竞争和个人主义 256
eibsp;theory and gover a 经济理论和政府行为 257
the right to use coer 采取强制的权利 258
is gover necessary? 政府是必要的吗？ 259
excluding nonpayers 排除不付钱的人 260
the free-rider problem 搭便车问题 261
positive externalities and free riders 正外部性和搭便车 262
la and order 法律和秩序 263
national defense 国 防 263
roads and schools 道路和学校 264
ine redistribution 收入再分配 264
the regulation of voluntary exge 自愿交易的管制 265
gover and the publibsp;i 政府和公共利益 266
information and democratibsp;govers 信息和民主政府 266
the is of elected officials 民选官员的利益 267
trated bes, dispersed costs 集中的收益，分散的成本 269
positive externalities and gover policies 正外部性和政府政策 270
ho do people identify the publibsp;i? 人们如何界定公共利益 271
the prisoners’ dilemma 囚徒困境 272
the limits of politibsp;institutions 政治制度的局限 274
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 275
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 276 12 measuring the overall performanbsp;of eibsp;systems
衡量经济系统的整体绩效 283
gross domestibsp;produbsp;国内生产总值 284
gdp or gnp? gdp还是gnp？ 285
gdp as total ine created in the domestibsp;ey
gdp作为国内经济创造的总收入 286
gdp is not a measure of all purchases in the ey
gdp衡量的并非经济系统中的所有购买 287
gdp as total value added gdp作为总附加价值 288
is value added alays positive? 附加价值是否总是正的？ 289
loose ends: unsold iories and used goods 零散问题：未出售的存货和二手货 290
aggregate fluctuations 总量波动 291
unemployment and nonemployment 失业和未就业 292
employed, not employed, and unemployed 就业、未就业和失业 293
labor-market decisions 劳动力市场中的决策 294
unemployment and recessions 失业和经济衰退 295
inflation 通货膨胀 296
the difficulties of moary calculation 货币计量的难题 298
recession and inflation sinbsp;1960 1960年以来的经济衰退和通货膨胀 298
hat causes aggregate fluctuations? 什么导致总量波动？ 301
an appendix: limitations of national ine ating
延伸阅读：国民收入核算的局限 303
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 307
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 308 13 the ealth of nations: globalization and eibsp;groth
国家的财富：全球化与经济增长 313
ho is ribsp;ho is poor? 谁富，谁穷？ 314
the historibsp;record 历史记录 314
sourbsp;of eibsp;groth 经济增长的源泉 316
fn iment 外国投资 318
human capital 人力资本 321
oil es from our minds 石油来自我们的头脑 322
eibsp;freedom index 经济自由度指数 323
the developmental poer of private property rights 私有产权对发展的作用 323
the asian record 亚洲记录 324
outside of asia 亚洲之外 327
globalization and its distents 全球化及其不满 329
the poer of popular opinion 公众意见的力量 331
the poer of special is 特殊利益的力量 332
the outs troversy: soundbytes vs. analysis 外包的争论：脱口秀还是分析 332
an appendix: the difficulties of iional gdp parisons
延伸阅读：跨国gdp比较的难点 334
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 337
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 338 14 money 货 币 341
the evolution of money 货币的演化 341
the myth of fiat money 法定货币的故事 342
the nature of money today 当今货币的性质 343
so ho mubsp;money is out there? 市面上有多少货币？ 344
the creation of money 货币的创造 345
hat bsp;be created bsp;be destroyed 任何可以创造出来的东西都可以被灭失 346
credibility and fidenbsp;信用和信任 347
banks under regulation: legal reserve requirements
受管制的银行：法定存款准备金制度 348
the fed as monitor and rule enforbsp;美联储作为监督者和规则实施者 349
the tools used by the fed 美联储的工具 352
the dist rate 贴现率 352
open market operations 公开市场操作 353
but ho is really in charge? 但是谁真正做主呢？ 354
an appendix: hat about gold? 延伸阅读：那么黄金呢？ 355
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 357
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 357 15 eibsp;performanbsp;and real-orld politibsp;经济绩效和真实世界中的政治 363
the great depression 经济大萧条 363
hat really happens in a recession? 经济衰退期间究竟会发生什么？ 365
a cluster of errors 错误集群 365
moary misma, moary miscalculation 货币的不良管理和错误计算 367
moary equilibrium 货币均衡 369
hen is moary polibsp;effective? 货币政策何时有效？ 370
the case for fisbsp;polibsp;财政政策 371
the y of good timing 掌握好时机的必要性 372
the federal budget as a polibsp;tool 联邦预算作为一种政策工具 374
time horizons and politibsp;任期和政治 375
deficits unlimited 无限度的赤字 376
hy not gover at all levels? 为什么不是各级政府都如此？ 379
discretion and rules 自由裁量和规则 381
ho is at the trols? 谁掌权？ 383
onbsp;over lightly 简短回顾 385
questions for discussion 问题与讨论 386 16 reneal of the debate: some parting thoughts 辩论的更新：临别的思想赠言 395
the great financial crisis of 2008 . . . and beyond 2008年及其后的金融大海啸 395
but first: the s&l crisis of the 1980s 先得回顾20世纪80年代的存贷危机 397
the subprime me crisis: hurting the disadvantaged by helping the disadvantaged
次贷危机：对弱势群体的帮助反而害了他们 398
profit, loss, and bailout: bsp;a gover agenbsp;be a good entrepreneur?
利润、亏损和援助：政府机构可以成为一个好企业家吗？ 400
hat eists kno and the limitations of eics
经济学家知道什么和经济学的局限 402
beyond mere eibsp;超越纯粹的经济学 404 glossary 重要词汇 407
index 索 引 415
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